FTP à vélo : Definition, explanation and table to understand everything

Discover how FTP can transform your pedaling sessions and maximize your efforts on the bike. Let's embark together to explore this indispensable tool that serves both beginners and seasoned cyclists in their quest for performance.

What is the FTP bike test?

The FTP test is a concept that revolutionizes the way we approach training on two wheels. Whether you're a seasoned cyclist or an enthusiastic novice, understanding FTP will open up new perspectives for improving your performance.

Definition of FTP (Functional Threshold Power)

FTP, or Functional Threshold Power, is more than just an acronym in the cycling world. It's a crucial measurement that represents the maximum power a cyclist can maintain for around an hour. Think of it as your "comfort threshold" in terms of sustained effort on the bike.

This notion of threshold is crucial, as it enables you to quantify your level of fitness precisely and adapt your training accordingly. By knowing your FTP, you can structure your pedaling sessions optimally, working in the right intensity zones to make effective progress.

FTP is expressed in watts, a unit that measures the power developed during your effort. This objective measurement offers a considerable advantage over other indicators such as heart rate, which can be influenced by various external factors.

Origins and development

The history of FTP is closely linked to the evolution of cycling training methods. The concept was popularized by Dr. Andrew Coggan, an exercise physiologist and keen cyclist. Coggan recognized the need for a reliable and easily accessible measure of cyclists' performance.

In the 2000s, Coggan worked with Hunter Allen to develop and refine the FTP concept. Together, they created a system of training zones based on FTP, enabling cyclists of all levels to structure their sessions more scientifically and effectively.

Coggan's approach quickly gained popularity in the cycling community, as it offered a simple yet powerful method of measuring and tracking progress. Today, FTP has become a standard in cycling training, used by amateur enthusiasts and Tour de France professionals alike.

Performing an FTP Test

Now that we've demystified the concept of FTP, let's get down to business. How can you determine your own FTP? Follow us on this thrilling adventure that will reveal your cycling skills like never before.

Preparation and prerequisites

Before you embark on an FTP test, it's essential to be well prepared. Here are some key elements to consider:

1. Equipment required:

• A bike in good condition, ideally the one you usually use.
• A home trainer or a flat, uninterrupted course if you prefer to ride outdoors.
• A power meter or smart home trainer capable of measuring power.
• A watch or bike computer to record your data.

1. Ideal conditions:

• Choose a time when you're well rested and fit.
• Avoid hot or windy days if you're testing outdoors.
• Make sure you're well hydrated and have eaten properly before the test.

1. State of mind:

• Prepare yourself mentally for an intense effort. The FTP test is no walk in the park!
• Visualize your success and focus on your goal.

FTP test procedure

The standard FTP test takes around an hour to complete, comprising the following phases:

1. Warm-up (20-30 minutes):

• Start with light pedaling for 10-15 minutes.
• Then perform 3-4 accelerations of 30 seconds to 1 minute at high intensity, with recovery between each.
• Finish with 5 minutes of moderate pedaling.

1. Maximum effort (20 minutes):

• This is the heart of the test. Pedal as hard as you can for 20 minutes.
• Aim for an intensity that you feel you can maintain throughout.
• Keep a steady pace, avoiding sprints or sudden slowdowns.

1. Recovery (10-15 minutes):

• After your effort, pedal gently to relax and recover.

Your FTP is calculated by taking 95% of the average power maintained during the 20 minutes of maximum effort. For example, if your average power was 250 watts, your FTP would be 237.5 watts (250 x 0.95).

Analyzing and interpreting results

Congratulations! You've completed your FTP test. But what do these figures mean, and how can you use them to improve your training? Let's dive into analyzing and interpreting your results.

Calculating FTP in Watts

Once you've completed your test, it's time to calculate your FTP. As previously mentioned, your FTP corresponds to 95% of the average power maintained during the 20 minutes of maximum effort. This 5% reduction is applied because the 20-minute test slightly overestimates what you could maintain for a full hour.

For example:

• If your average power output over 20 minutes was 280 watts
• Your FTP would be: 280 x 0.95 = 266 watts

This figure of 266 watts therefore represents the power you could theoretically maintain for an hour of continuous effort. It's a valuable value that will serve as a basis for structuring your training.

Understanding Intensity Zones

Dr. Coggan has developed a model of intensity zones based on FTP. These zones enable you to precisely target different aspects of your fitness during training. Here's an overview of the main zones:

1. Zone 1 (Recovery): < 55% of FTP

• Very light pedaling, ideal for active recovery.

1. Zone 2 (Endurance): 56-75% of FTP

• Long, comfortable efforts, ideal for building endurance.

1. Zone 3 (Tempo): 76-90% of FTP

• Sustained but controllable effort, improves aerobic capacity.

1. Zone 4 (Threshold): 91-105% of FTP

• Intense effort, close to your FTP, improves threshold power.

1. Zone 5 (VO2 Max): 106-120% of FTP

• Short, very intense intervals, develops maximum aerobic power.

1. Zone 6 (Anaerobic): > 120% of FTP

• Short-duration explosive efforts, improves anaerobic power.

By using these zones, you can precisely target different aspects of your fitness and create varied, effective workouts.

Using FTP in Cycling Training

Now that you've got your FTP and understand the intensity zones, how do you put it all into practice to improve your cycling performance? Let's find out how to integrate FTP into your training routine.

Adapting training plans

Your FTP is the key to personalizing your training and making it more effective. Here's how to use it:

1. Structure your sessions:

• Use the zones based on your FTP to create targeted sessions.
• For example, an endurance session could consist of 2 hours in Zone 2 (56-75% of your FTP).
• To work on your threshold power, plan intervals in Zone 4 (91-105% of FTP).

1. Progression:

• Gradually increase the time spent in higher zones over the weeks.
• Aim for a 3-5% improvement in your FTP every 6-8 weeks.

1. Periodization:

• Alternate blocks of intensive training with periods of recovery.
• Schedule regular FTP tests (every 2-3 months) to monitor your progress and adjust your zones.

Tracking performance and heart rate

FTP is an excellent indicator, but other parameters should not be neglected for a complete monitoring of your performance:

1. Use a watch or bike computer:

• Record your sessions to analyze your power, cadence and speed.
• Compare this data with your FTP to assess your efficiency on different types of course.

1. Heart rate monitoring:

• Although less precise than power, heart rate is still a useful indicator of your effort.
• Observe how your heart rate evolves in relation to your power over time.

1. Subjective sensations:

• Don't forget to listen to your body. Note how you feel during and after your workouts.
• This qualitative information complements the numerical data and helps you to fine-tune your training.

By integrating FTP into your training routine and closely monitoring your performance, you'll be able to make steady, measurable progress. Remember, every pedal stroke brings you closer to your cycling goals! Don't hesitate to complete your reading with our article dedicated to postural study.